17 — OLT Management¶

Overview¶

An OLT (Optical Line Terminal) is the fiber network head-end device — the ISP-side equipment in an FTTH (Fiber to the Home) deployment. The OLT manages all ONTs (Optical Network Terminals) — the fiber modems at customer premises. PyroRadius integrates with OLT devices via SNMP to poll ONT status, track fiber signal levels (Rx power), provision new ONTs, and automatically associate fiber ports with customer records.

Important: PyroRadius polls OLTs via SNMP (snmpbulkwalk), not SSH or Telnet CLI. Do not configure SSH credentials on OLTs for PyroRadius — only the SNMP read community string is required.

Network Architecture¶

Internet / Core Network
        │
        ▼
   OLT Device (Huawei MA5600T)
        │ SNMP (UDP 161)
        │ ◄─────────── PyroRadius Server polls via snmpbulkwalk
        │
        │  Optical splitter (1:16 or 1:32)
        ├──────────────────────────────┐
        │                              │
        ▼                              ▼
   ONT/ONU (customer 1)          ONT/ONU (customer 2)
   Rx power: -22 dBm             Rx power: -28 dBm
   PPPoE → MikroTik NAS          PPPoE → MikroTik NAS

`olts` Table Structure¶

Column	Type	Description
`id`	bigint PK	Auto-increment
`name`	varchar	Human-readable label (e.g. "HAJI-PARK-OLT")
`alias`	varchar nullable	Short alias
`ip`	varchar	OLT management IP address
`location`	varchar nullable	Physical location description
`device_type`	varchar nullable	e.g. "Huawei MA5600T"
`snmp_community`	varchar	SNMP read community string (default: `public`)
`snmp_write_community`	varchar nullable	SNMP write community (for ONT actions)
`snmp_version`	varchar	SNMP version: `2c` or `3` (default: `2c`)
`enabled`	boolean	Whether this OLT is included in polling
`status`	varchar	`online` / `offline` (set by last poll result)
`poll_interval_min`	int	Minutes between polls (default: 3, minimum: 1)
`last_polled_at`	timestamp	When the last successful poll completed
`sys_name`	varchar nullable	OLT sysName from SNMP
`sys_descr`	varchar nullable	OLT sysDescr
`uptime_sec`	bigint nullable	OLT uptime in seconds
`temperature`	decimal nullable	OLT board temperature
`version`	varchar nullable	OLT firmware version
`created_at`	timestamp
`updated_at`	timestamp

`ont_cache` Table Structure¶

Stores the most recent ONT data polled from each OLT. Upserted on every poll (not appended). Stale ONTs (deregistered from OLT) are deleted after each poll.

Column	Type	Description
`id`	bigint PK
`olt_id`	bigint FK	Which OLT this ONT belongs to
`snmp_index`	varchar	Full SNMP index key: `portIndex.ontId` (e.g. `4194312192.0`)
`frame`	int	GPON frame number (from ifIndex decode)
`slot`	int	GPON slot number
`port`	int	GPON port number
`ont_id`	int	ONT ID within the port (0-based)
`description`	varchar	ONT description — used to join with customer PPPoE username
`sn_hex`	varchar	Raw serial number as space-separated hex bytes
`sn_decoded`	varchar	Decoded SN (e.g. `HWTC5443023E1E0C`) — vendor prefix + hex
`port_alias`	varchar nullable	Port name (e.g. "3Rd Part TEST") from ifAlias
`vendor`	varchar nullable	First 4 bytes of SN decoded as ASCII (e.g. HWTC, FHTT, ZTEG)
`oper_status`	int nullable	ONT operational status code (1=Online, 2=Offline, etc.)
`config_status`	int nullable	ONT config state from OLT
`rx_raw`	int nullable	Raw Rx power (OLT-measured, ×100 — e.g. -2250 = -22.50 dBm)
`deact_cause`	int nullable	Last deactivation cause code
`mac_count`	int nullable	Number of MACs seen on this ONT
`last_up_at`	timestamp nullable	Last time ONT came online (parsed from SNMP DateAndTime)
`last_down_at`	timestamp nullable	Last time ONT went offline
`created_at`	timestamp
`updated_at`	timestamp	When this row was last refreshed by a poll

rx_raw Scale¶

rx_raw = -2250  →  actual Rx power = -22.50 dBm  (strong)
rx_raw = -2750  →  actual Rx power = -27.50 dBm  (marginal)
rx_raw = -3100  →  actual Rx power = -31.00 dBm  (weak)
rx_raw = 2147483647  →  sentinel value — no optical module / not readable

Conversion: rx_power_dBm = rx_raw / 100

PollOltOnts Command¶

php artisan olt:poll-onts [--olt=ID]

Scheduled every 1 minute (scheduler level). Per-OLT skip logic prevents actual SNMP polling more often than poll_interval_min (default: 3 minutes). The --olt=ID flag forces an immediate poll of a single OLT bypassing the interval check.

SNMP OIDs Polled (Huawei MA5600T — enterprise OID 2011.6.128.1.1.2)¶

Key	OID suffix	Description
desc	`.43.1.9`	ONT description (→ PPPoE username)
sn	`.43.1.3`	ONT serial number (hex)
oper	`.46.1.15`	Operational run state
cfg	`.47.1.1`	Configuration state
deact	`.46.1.24`	Last deactivation cause
mac	`.46.1.21`	Connected device MAC count
up	`.46.1.22`	Last up time (SNMP DateAndTime)
down	`.46.1.23`	Last down time (SNMP DateAndTime)
rx	`.51.1.6`	OLT-measured Rx power (primary)
rx_ddm	`.51.1.4`	ONT DDM Rx (fallback if `.51.1.6` = sentinel)
ifAlias	`1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18`	Port name (ifAlias)

Execution Strategy¶

1. Launch 8 snmpbulkwalk processes IN PARALLEL (-Cr125, timeout 10s):
   desc, sn, oper, cfg, deact, mac, up, down

2. Wait for all 8 to complete, collect output.

3. Run RX power walk SEQUENTIALLY (-Cr75, timeout 15s):
   OLT cannot handle 9 concurrent SNMP sessions — RX runs alone.
   ~34 PDUs for 2531 ONTs at -Cr75.

4. For any ONT where RX = sentinel (2147483647):
   Run a single snmpget for .51.1.4 to get DDM Rx (one round-trip for all sentinels).

5. Run snmpget for ifAlias of each unique port index (one PDU, all ports).

6. Decode each ONT's ifIndex → frame/slot/port.
   Decode SN hex → vendor prefix + full SN string.

7. Upsert all rows into ont_cache (chunks of 200).

8. Delete stale ONTs (in DB but not in this poll's result).

9. Update olts.last_polled_at = now(), status = 'online'.

Performance (HAJI-PARK-OLT, 2531 ONTs)¶

Setting	Poll Duration
Before (−Cr20)	~490 seconds (~8 min)
After (−Cr75)	~146 seconds (~2.5 min)

Data freshness with poll_interval_min = 3: data is at most 5–6 minutes old (3 min wait + 2.5 min poll).

SyncOntAssignments Command¶

php artisan olt:sync-ont-assignments

Scheduled every 1 minute. Joins ont_cache with customers on PPPoE username = ONT description, then updates customer records with current signal data.

// Join logic
DB::table('ont_cache')
    ->join('customers', 'ont_cache.description', '=', 'customers.pppoe_username')
    ->whereNull('customers.deleted_at')
    ->select(['customers.id', 'customers.ont_serial', 'ont_cache.sn_decoded',
              'ont_cache.rx_raw', 'ont_cache.port_alias', 'customers.rx_power'])
    ->get();

// Only writes if value changed (IS DISTINCT FROM guard — prevents lock contention)
if ($changed) {
    Customer::where('id', $match->id)->update([
        'ont_serial'  => $newOntSerial,
        'rx_power'    => $match->rx_raw / 100,
        'rx_power_at' => now(),
    ]);
}

OltController Routes¶

Method	Route	Action
GET	`/ont-list`	GPON Management page (React SPA)
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/data`	ONT list data for a specific OLT
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/ports`	PON port list from ont_cache
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/onts`	ONTs on a specific port
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/reboot-ont`	Reboot an ONT via SNMP write
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/ont-action`	Activate/Deactivate an ONT
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/bulk-ont-action`	Bulk action on multiple ONTs
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/autofind`	Scan for unregistered ONTs
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/provision-meta`	Get provisioning metadata
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/confirm-ont`	Register/provision an ONT
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/delete-ont`	Remove an ONT from OLT
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/change-profile`	Change ONT line profile
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/change-service-vlan`	Change service VLAN
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/set-pppoe`	Set PPPoE username on ONT
POST	`/ont-list/{olt}/set-ont-desc`	Update ONT description
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/wlan-info`	Get Wi-Fi config from ONT
GET	`/ont-list/{olt}/find-ont`	Find ONT by serial number
GET	`/ont-list/unassigned-customers`	Customers without linked ONTs
POST	`/olts/{olt}/poll`	Force immediate SNMP poll

Rx Power Signal Quality Thresholds¶

Range	Status	Color	Meaning
> −27 dBm	Good	Green	Healthy signal
−27 to −30 dBm	Warning	Yellow	Marginal; clean connectors
< −30 dBm	Critical	Red	Poor signal; failing fiber/connector
No reading	Unknown	Grey	ONT not seen in last poll

Adding a New OLT¶

Prerequisites¶

OLT must have SNMP v2c enabled with a read community string.
UDP port 161 on the OLT must be reachable from the PyroRadius server (your-server-ip).
For write operations (reboot, provision): also configure the SNMP write community.

Steps¶

Navigate to Network → GPON Management.
Click Add OLT.
Fill in: Name, IP, SNMP Community, SNMP Version, Poll Interval.
Save. The first automatic poll runs within poll_interval_min minutes.

ifIndex Decoding (Huawei MA5600T)¶

The Huawei MA5600T encodes the GPON port into ifIndex using a proprietary scheme:

ifIndex = 0xFA00_{frame_byte}{slot_port_byte}00

frame = (ifIndex >> 16) & 0xFF
slot  = ((ifIndex >> 8) & 0xFF) >> 5   (high 3 bits of byte 1)
port  = ((ifIndex >> 8) & 0xFF) & 0x0F (low 4 bits of byte 1)

Example: ifIndex = 4194312192 - hex = 0xFA010800 - frame = 0x01 = 1 - slot_port_byte = 0x08 → slot = 0, port = 8

ONT SNMP index format: portIndex.ontId (e.g. 4194312192.5 = frame 1, port 8, ONT 5)

Unregistered ONTs¶

ONTs that appear in the OLT's SNMP walk (connected to the fiber) but have no matching customer in customers (by PPPoE username in description) appear in the Unregistered ONT tab.

These are ONTs that are: - Physically plugged in but not provisioned in PyroRadius - Provisioned under a different username (needs manual match) - Test or spare ONTs

Use the Unregistered ONT tab to assign them to existing customers or provision new ones.